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Jenkins Production Setup Guide (Ubuntu 24.04)

This guide configures Jenkins securely behind Apache2 with HTTPS, firewall, and hardened settings.

1. System Preparation

Update System​

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

Install Required Packages​

Not to use

sudo apt install -y fontconfig openjdk-21-jre apache2 ufw fail2ban curl wget
sudo apt install -y fontconfig openjdk-21-jre apache2 ufw fail2ban curl wget

Verify Java:

java -version

2. Install Jenkins (LTS)

sudo wget -O /etc/apt/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc   https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io-2026.key

echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/jenkins-keyring.asc]"   https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ | sudo tee   /etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list > /dev/null

sudo apt update
sudo apt install jenkins

Enable & start:

sudo systemctl enable jenkins
sudo systemctl start jenkins

3. Restrict Jenkins to Localhost Only

Edit:

sudo nano /etc/default/jenkins

Ensure:

JENKINS_ARGS="--httpPort=8080 --httpListenAddress=127.0.0.1"

Restart:

sudo systemctl restart jenkins

Verify:

ss -lntp | grep 8080

Should bind only to 127.0.0.1.

4. Configure Firewall (UFW)

sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
sudo ufw allow 80
sudo ufw allow 443
sudo ufw enable
sudo ufw status

DO NOT expose 8080 publicly.

5. Enable Apache Required Modules

sudo a2enmod proxy proxy_http proxy_wstunnel headers rewrite ssl
sudo systemctl restart apache2

6. Apache Production VHost (HTTPS + Redirect)

Create:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/jenkins.conf

Paste:


<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName jenkins.digi.saroj.name.np

    ProxyPreserveHost On
    AllowEncodedSlashes NoDecode

    # --- Forwarded headers for Jenkins ---
    RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Host "%{HTTP_HOST}s"
    RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Port "80"
    RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Proto "http"

    # Reverse proxy
    ProxyPass        /  http://127.0.0.1:8080/ nocanon
    ProxyPassReverse /  http://127.0.0.1:8080/

    # WebSocket support
    ProxyPass        /ws/  ws://127.0.0.1:8080/ws/ nocanon
    ProxyPassReverse /ws/  ws://127.0.0.1:8080/ws/

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/jenkins_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/jenkins_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName jenkins.digi.saroj.name.np
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteRule ^ https://%{SERVER_NAME}%{REQUEST_URI} [END,NE,R=permanent]
</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443>
    ServerName jenkins.digi.saroj.name.np

    SSLEngine on
    SSLCertificateFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/jenkins.digi.saroj.name.np/fullchain.pem
    SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/letsencrypt/live/jenkins.digi.saroj.name.np/privkey.pem

    SSLProtocol all -SSLv3 -TLSv1 -TLSv1.1
    SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5

    Header always set Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains"
    Header always set X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff"
    Header always set X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN"
    Header always set X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block"

    ProxyPreserveHost On
    AllowEncodedSlashes NoDecode

    RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Host "%{Host}i"
    RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Port "443"
    RequestHeader set X-Forwarded-Proto "https"

    ProxyPass        /  http://127.0.0.1:8080/ nocanon
    ProxyPassReverse /  http://127.0.0.1:8080/

    ProxyPass        /ws/  ws://127.0.0.1:8080/ws/ nocanon
    ProxyPassReverse /ws/  ws://127.0.0.1:8080/ws/

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/jenkins_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/jenkins_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Enable site:

sudo a2ensite jenkins.conf
sudo apache2ctl configtest
sudo systemctl reload apache2

7. Install SSL (Let's Encrypt)

sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-apache
sudo certbot --apache -d jenkins.digi.saroj.name.np

Verify certificate:

sudo certbot certificates
curl -I https://jenkins.digi.saroj.name.np

Test auto-renew:

sudo certbot renew --dry-run

8. Jenkins Configuration

Inside Jenkins:

Manage Jenkins → Configure System

Set:

Jenkins URL: https://jenkins.digi.saroj.name.np/

9. Fail2Ban Protection

sudo systemctl enable fail2ban
sudo systemctl start fail2ban

Optional custom jail for Apache login protection.

10. Systemd Hardening (Optional)

Create override:

sudo systemctl edit jenkins

Add:

[Service] LimitNOFILE=65536

Reload:

sudo systemctl daemon-reexec
sudo systemctl restart jenkins

11. Monitoring & Logs

Apache logs:

sudo tail -f /var/log/apache2/jenkins_error.log

Jenkins logs:

sudo journalctl -u jenkins -f

Production Checklist

✔ Jenkins bound to localhost
✔ 8080 not publicly exposed
✔ Firewall enabled
✔ HTTPS enforced
✔ HSTS enabled
✔ Fail2Ban active
✔ Auto-renew SSL tested

Jenkins production deployment complete.